As the senior advisor of economics and digital markets at AIR, Bob advises on critical issues such as financial inclusion and climate change, globally. Currently, he is working on projects that explore how to increase the adoption of digital identity globally as a necessary infrastructure for financial inclusion and how to scale the voluntary markets for carbon credits. As CEO of Chakra Advisors, Bob advises senior leaders at financial institutions, multilateral organizations, investment firms, payment networks, and FinTech companies about competitive, technological and regulatory forces shaping the financial system. His current research interests focus on the impact of new entrants to financial markets with an eye towards improving efficiency and financial inclusion while maintaining financial stability and resiliency. He also manages the Incumbents and Disruptors Blog focusing on the financial services industry.

Prior to his current roles, Bob was the chief economist at the Clearing House (TCH) where he oversaw all quantitative studies for TCH members analyzing proposed regulations to strengthen the financial system post crisis. Before joining TCH, Bob was a senior economist at the Chicago and Dallas Federal Reserve Banks focusing on financial market structure and competition. He has also advised the Bank of Mexico, Bank of England, De Nederlandsche Bank (the Dutch central bank), and the IMF about financial markets. Bob has over 50 academic and industry publications. He received his PhD in economics from Brown University and his BA in economics and genetics from University of California, Berkeley.

Donna Murphy is Deputy Comptroller for Compliance Risk Policy at the OCC, where she oversees the development of policy, guidance and examination procedures for AML/CFT, sanctions, consumer protection, fair lending, and Community Reinvestment Act issues. She is also currently serving as Acting Deputy Comptroller for the Office of Financial Technology where she oversees the analysis and evaluation of financial technology innovations, trends, emerging risks, and potential implications for OCC supervision and OCC-supervised banks. She serves as a key advisor to the Comptroller and OCC Executive Committee on these issues. Previously, Donna served as Director of the OCC’s Community and Consumer Law Division and as a Deputy Chief in the Civil Rights Division of the United States Justice Department. She received her degrees from Yale Law School and the American University in Washington, D.C.